來源頭條作者:天任考研　　在考研的試卷中，有一道題型的名字，很有意思，你猜叫什么?新題型!!!納尼?聽說過閱讀，完型填空，翻譯，作文。新題型是什么鬼?Is it weird? 如此隨意的名字出現在如此重大的考試中。

　　新題型為什么叫這個名字?新是什么意思?在2005之前，是沒有這道題，因為當時考研的人數還不像現在一樣具有規模。當時有中專，大專，大學生都被稱作天之驕子，畢業之后，分配就業。相對而言，工作是不太難找的。可想而知，考研人鳳毛麟角。隨著高校的擴招，人數增多，水漲船高，大學生逐漸向研究生邁進。2005年考研大綱基本定型，從此以后就很少改動。2005年以前，是沒有這個題型的，有的是什么?是類似于高考的語法題和聽力題。高考已經考過，所以在考研人數增加，試題不斷成熟之后，取消了語法題和聽力題，取而代之的是這個新的題型---新題型。因為不知道應該取個什么名字，所以就起了一個這樣的名字，沒想到我們的出題考試也這么可愛吧。

　　一提起新題型，大家就會想：這個新題型的“新”，新在哪里?新題型長什么樣?怎么考，我們怎么辦?

　　大綱要求：

　　英語一：

　　B節(5小題)，主要考察考生對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結構的理解。

　　英語二：

　　B節(5小題)，考察考生推理、判斷、概括的能力。

　　聽起來很抽象，其實就是對整個文章宏觀上的把控，而不是沉溺于細節，比如 連貫性、一致性;推理、判斷、概括。接下來，咱們就逐一來解析這道題。

　　考研中的英語一的新題型有以下幾種類型：七選五，排序題和小標題這三種類型。這三種類型并不需要像前面的完型填空題，閱讀題和后面的翻譯題和作文題那么難，需要大家記憶單詞和分析長難句。但是卻是一道“性價比”極高的題，也就是，付出與回報的比例很高，很多同學可以以較少的時間和精力付出，去得到一個很好的分數，而且這道題同學們在掌握了一定的技巧之后，會在很短的時間內，快速而準確地做對題目，所以這是任何一個考生所不能放棄的。下面我們逐一具體分析這三種類型，讓我們這些零基礎的同學拿到高分。

　　首先，我們來說說排序題吧!大家是否還記得小學里面的語文是怎樣排序的。我們本著文章連貫的原則來做的，可是，什么是連貫呢?怎樣才算是連貫呢?說到底，就是首尾一致。也就是說，上一句的尾句要和下一句的首句相關聯。那么，問題又來了，怎么樣相關呢?如何去相關呢?漢語是意合的語言，而英語是形合的語言，完全不同的風格。同學們說對了，英語是形合，講究的是形式的統一，所以要求詞語或者是短語里面的信息。所以我們要著重看重復的信息，注意重復的詞語或者短語，以及那些同義詞。另外，那些指代的信息也是要特別注意的。總而言之，我們要保持首尾相連，主題一致。我們以真題來說事兒。

　　請同學來看2014年新題型真題，在看真題的時候，不要被這些大段大段的文章給嚇著了，所以同學們鎮定一下，不要害怕，因為這種題型并不需要大家需要有太大的心里壓力和很多的單詞壓力。這種題要從首尾句入手，我們一起來看這些選項有什么特點：

　　[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.

　　[B] In another case, American archaeologists Reńe Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.

　　[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.

　　[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.

　　[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.

　　[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosós), on the island of Crete, in 1900.

　　[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two-and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.

　　大家注意到高亮的詞語了嗎?A選項中，some…sites, F選項most…sites, 之后是個什么詞語呢?however,這個是轉折，肯定不可能一開始就轉折，所以。再觀察，B中出現了another case，這意味什么呢?以為這應該有個one case，這個短語在哪里出現呢?我們發現D選項中有，那么綁在一起。接著C是問句，可能作為首句，再往下面看，E是表示目的的不定式短語，與C比較，C作為首句的可能性最大。再觀察，G選項中的ground surveys 是不是有些面熟呢?還記得哪個選項中的結尾有關ground surveys呢?對了，E選項中的aeriar survey。我們看這個詞語是不是和aeroplane 的前綴很像呢，因為aero表示的就是空中，現在我們把了。那么我們現在把已獲得的信息梳理一下，C是首句，A前F后，D和B在一起，E和G綁在一起。前面要說的是site,后面要說的是survey,根據已有的信息，給出的已有選項，那么連在一起，就形成了下面的答案：

　　C——A——F——E——G——D——B

　　現在，我們學會了看選項，找首尾句的信息。試一試，帶著這些詞語進行逐一匹配，首尾相連，就可以完成排序題，考研路上，你我相伴，下一期，我們繼續喝著大碗茶，吃著大碗寬面，聊著我們的新題型!